Trait: blood glucose amount

Trait Information
Identifier OBA_VT0000188
Description The amount of a glucose when measured in blood. [AUTO: patterns/patterns/entity_attribute_location]
Trait category
Other trait
Synonym blood glucose amount

Associated Polygenic Score(s)

Filter PGS by Participant Ancestry
Individuals included in:
G - Source of Variant Associations (GWAS)
D - Score Development/Training
E - PGS Evaluation
List of ancestries includes:
Display options:
Ancestry legend
Multi-ancestry (including European)
Multi-ancestry (excluding European)
African
East Asian
South Asian
Additional Asian Ancestries
European
Greater Middle Eastern
Hispanic or Latin American
Additional Diverse Ancestries
Not Reported
Polygenic Score ID & Name PGS Publication ID (PGP) Reported Trait Mapped Trait(s) (Ontology) Number of Variants Ancestry distribution
GWAS
Dev
Eval
 Scoring File (FTP Link)
PGS000305
(GRS31_FG)
 PGP000092 |
Xie T et al. Circ Genom Precis Med (2020)
 Fasting glucose blood glucose amount 31
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS000305/ScoringFiles/PGS000305.txt.gz
PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Fasting glucose blood glucose amount 224
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS000838/ScoringFiles/PGS000838.txt.gz
PGS001350
(MAGICTA_EUR_PGS_FG)
 PGP000246 |
Chen J et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Fasting glucose blood glucose amount 1,023,373
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS001350/ScoringFiles/PGS001350.txt.gz
PGS002924
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_LASSOSUM_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 281
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002924/ScoringFiles/PGS002924.txt.gz
PGS002925
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PT_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 13
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002925/ScoringFiles/PGS002925.txt.gz
PGS002926
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PLINK_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 13
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002926/ScoringFiles/PGS002926.txt.gz
PGS002927
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_DBSLMM_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 5,106
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002927/ScoringFiles/PGS002927.txt.gz
PGS002928
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PRSCS_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 392
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002928/ScoringFiles/PGS002928.txt.gz
PGS002929
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_LASSOSUM_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 71,791
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002929/ScoringFiles/PGS002929.txt.gz
PGS002930
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PT_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 264
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002930/ScoringFiles/PGS002930.txt.gz
PGS002931
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PLINK_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 273
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002931/ScoringFiles/PGS002931.txt.gz
PGS002932
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_DBSLMM_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 1,202,298
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002932/ScoringFiles/PGS002932.txt.gz
PGS002933
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PRSCS_MGI_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 1,007,415
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002933/ScoringFiles/PGS002933.txt.gz
PGS002944
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_LASSOSUM_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 519
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002944/ScoringFiles/PGS002944.txt.gz
PGS002945
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PT_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 1,479
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002945/ScoringFiles/PGS002945.txt.gz
PGS002946
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PLINK_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 1,553
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002946/ScoringFiles/PGS002946.txt.gz
PGS002947
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_DBSLMM_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 1,501
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002947/ScoringFiles/PGS002947.txt.gz
PGS002948
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PRSCS_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 392
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002948/ScoringFiles/PGS002948.txt.gz
PGS002949
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_LASSOSUM_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 72,352
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002949/ScoringFiles/PGS002949.txt.gz
PGS002950
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PT_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 38
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002950/ScoringFiles/PGS002950.txt.gz
PGS002951
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PLINK_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 38
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002951/ScoringFiles/PGS002951.txt.gz
PGS002952
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_DBSLMM_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 1,501
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002952/ScoringFiles/PGS002952.txt.gz
PGS002953
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PRSCS_UKB_20211120)
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Glucose blood glucose amount 1,008,035
https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS002953/ScoringFiles/PGS002953.txt.gz
PGS003336
(CVGRS_FPG)
 PGP000405 |
Kim YJ et al. Nat Commun (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 56
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS003336/ScoringFiles/PGS003336.txt.gz
PGS003345
(ALLGRS_FPG)
 PGP000405 |
Kim YJ et al. Nat Commun (2022)
 Fasting plasma glucose blood glucose amount 60
-
 https://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases/spot/pgs/scores/PGS003345/ScoringFiles/PGS003345.txt.gz

Performance Metrics

Disclaimer: The performance metrics are displayed as reported by the source studies. It is important to note that metrics are not necessarily comparable with each other. For example, metrics depend on the sample characteristics (described by the PGS Catalog Sample Set [PSS] ID), phenotyping, and statistical modelling. Please refer to the source publication for additional guidance on performance.

PGS Performance
Metric ID (PPM) 		Evaluated Score PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Performance Source Trait PGS Effect Sizes
(per SD change) 		Classification Metrics Other Metrics Covariates Included in the Model PGS Performance:
Other Relevant Information
PPM000775 PGS000305
(GRS31_FG)
 PSS000376|
European Ancestry|
1,354 individuals
 PGP000092 |
Xie T et al. Circ Genom Precis Med (2020)
 Reported Trait: Fasting glucose (mmol/l) — — R²: 0.0367 Sex, age, age^2 —
PPM002273 PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PSS001086|
European Ancestry|
3,194 individuals
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Severe Autoimmune Diabetes OR: 1.09 [0.98, 1.2] — — PC1-10 —
PPM002275 PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PSS001088|
European Ancestry|
3,869 individuals
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Severe Insulin-Resistant Diabetes OR: 1.05 [0.98, 1.13] — — PC1-10 —
PPM002276 PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PSS001085|
European Ancestry|
4,116 individuals
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Moderate Obesity-related Diabetes OR: 1.38 [1.29, 1.48] — — PC1-10 —
PPM002277 PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PSS001084|
European Ancestry|
5,597 individuals
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Moderate Age-Related Diabetes OR: 1.33 [1.26, 1.41] — — PC1-10 —
PPM002274 PGS000838
(Fasting_Glucose)
 PSS001087|
European Ancestry|
3,930 individuals
 PGP000211 |
Aly DM et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Severe Insulin-Deficient Diabetes OR: 1.33 [1.24, 1.42] — — PC1-10 —
PPM005137 PGS001350
(MAGICTA_EUR_PGS_FG)
 PSS003587|
European Ancestry|
45,038 individuals
 PGP000246 |
Chen J et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Fasting glucose — — R²: 0.229 — —
PPM005140 PGS001350
(MAGICTA_EUR_PGS_FG)
 PSS003585|
African Ancestry|
16,579 individuals
 PGP000246 |
Chen J et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Fasting glucose — — R²: 0.032 — —
PPM005143 PGS001350
(MAGICTA_EUR_PGS_FG)
 PSS003586|
East Asian Ancestry|
31,669 individuals
 PGP000246 |
Chen J et al. Nat Genet (2021)
 Reported Trait: Fasting glucose — — R²: 0.027 — —
PPM015803 PGS002924
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_LASSOSUM_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: -0.0308 (0.564) — R²: 0.0004 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015806 PGS002925
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PT_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: -0.531 (0.592) — R²: 0.00991 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015804 PGS002926
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PLINK_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: 0.294 (0.661) — R²: 0.00282 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015802 PGS002927
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_DBSLMM_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: -0.263 (0.601) — R²: 0.00714 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015805 PGS002928
(ExPRSweb_FPG_FGovertime-corrected_PRSCS_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: -0.564 (0.613) — R²: 0.00161 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015808 PGS002929
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_LASSOSUM_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: 0.864 (0.634) — R²: 0.00726 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015811 PGS002930
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PT_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: 1.6 (0.657) — R²: 0.0076 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015809 PGS002931
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PLINK_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: 1.71 (0.658) — R²: 0.00975 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015807 PGS002932
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_DBSLMM_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: -0.414 (0.655) — R²: 6e-05 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015810 PGS002933
(ExPRSweb_FPG_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PRSCS_MGI_20211120)
 PSS010004|
European Ancestry|
286 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting Plasma Glucose β: 1.15 (0.65) — R²: 0.011 SEX,AGE,Batch,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015823 PGS002944
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_LASSOSUM_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: -0.00088 (0.00289) — R²: 5.33e-07 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015826 PGS002945
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PT_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.00046 (0.0029) — R²: 4.59e-07 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015824 PGS002946
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PLINK_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: -0.00035 (0.0029) — R²: 1.98e-08 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015822 PGS002947
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_DBSLMM_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.00449 (0.00291) — R²: 2e-05 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015825 PGS002948
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_FGovertime-corrected_PRSCS_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: -0.00129 (0.0029) — R²: 1.39e-06 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015828 PGS002949
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_LASSOSUM_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.084 (0.00289) — R²: 0.00479 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015831 PGS002950
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PT_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.0808 (0.00289) — R²: 0.00442 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015829 PGS002951
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PLINK_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.0808 (0.00289) — R²: 0.00442 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015827 PGS002952
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_DBSLMM_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.00449 (0.00291) — R²: 2e-05 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM015830 PGS002953
(ExPRSweb_Glucose_MAGIC-FastingGlucose_PRSCS_UKB_20211120)
 PSS010028|
European Ancestry|
173,111 individuals
 PGP000393 |
Ma Y et al. Am J Hum Genet (2022)
 Reported Trait: Glucose β: 0.0818 (0.00289) — R²: 0.00451 Sex,birthYear,genotyping.array,PC1,PC2,PC3,PC4 —
PPM016175 PGS003336
(CVGRS_FPG)
 PSS010055|
East Asian Ancestry|
22,608 individuals
 PGP000405 |
Kim YJ et al. Nat Commun (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting plasma glucose β: 0.20444 — — — —
PPM016192 PGS003336
(CVGRS_FPG)
 PSS010055|
East Asian Ancestry|
22,608 individuals
 PGP000405 |
Kim YJ et al. Nat Commun (2022)
 Reported Trait: Type 2 diabetes OR: 1.46435 — — — —
PPM016184 PGS003345
(ALLGRS_FPG)
 PSS010055|
East Asian Ancestry|
22,608 individuals
 PGP000405 |
Kim YJ et al. Nat Commun (2022)
 Reported Trait: Fasting plasma glucose β: 0.20689 — — — —

Evaluated Samples

PGS Sample Set ID
(PSS) 		Phenotype Definitions and Methods Participant Follow-up Time Sample Numbers Age of Study Participants Sample Ancestry Additional Ancestry Description Cohort(s) Additional Sample/Cohort Information
PSS003586 — — 31,669 individuals — East Asian
(Japanese, Chinese, Malay, Filipino, Han Chinese)		 — 13 cohorts
  • AASC
  • ,CAGE
  • ,CHNS
  • ,CLHNS
  • ,CRC
  • ,KARE
  • ,Living-Biobank
  • ,MESA
  • ,NHAPC
  • ,Nagahama_Study
  • ,SBCS
  • ,SMHS
  • ,SP2
 —
PSS003587 — — 45,038 individuals — European — ARIC, LifeLines, METSIM, TwinGene Additional cases and controls were obtained from Fenland-OMICS.
PSS010028 Field ID: 30740; Quantitative — 173,111 individuals — European — UKB —
PSS010055 — — 22,608 individuals — East Asian — KBA, KoGES —
PSS010004 GLUCOSE, FASTING; Quantitative — 286 individuals — European — MGI —
PSS000376 We measured weight and height using regularly calibrated equipment (scales and stadiometer models 770 and 214, respectively; Seca, Hamburg, Germany). Body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2) was also calculated. We measured waist circumference at the midpoint between the lower costal margin and the iliac crest. The hip circumference was measured over both trochanter majores (tangible bone on the outside of the hip joint). Waist to hip ratio was also calculated. We performed all measurements in duplicate, and, if the difference between these measurements exceeded a predefined value, a third measurement was performed. All available measurements were used to calculate means. Heart rate, systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured in duplicate with a Dinamap Critikon 1846SX (Critikon Inc, Tampa, FL), from which we calculated means. At the third visit, fasting blood sample of participants were drawn for the measurement of glucose (Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland), insulin (Diagnostic Systems Laboratories Inc, Webster, TX), HbA1c (high performance liquid chromatography, Variant, Bio-Rad), triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (Roche Diagnostics) and LDL cholesterol (calculated according to Friedewald’s equation5), as well as alanine transaminase (Photometric determination according to the reference method of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC)6) and lipoprotein(a) (Nephelometric method, BN2, DadeBehring). Serum creatinine was measured by photometric determination with the Jaffé method without deproteinisation (Ecoline® MEGA, DiaSys Diagnostic Systems GmbH. Merck). eGFR for adolescents who were younger than 18 years old was calculated using the Schwartz formula.7 High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) was determined using an immunonephelometric method, BN2 (CardioPhase hsCRP, Siemens) with a lower detection limit of 0.175 mg/L. Total IgE measurements were performed using the Phadia Immunocap 100 system with fluoroenzyme immunoassay (FEIA). — 1,354 individuals,
47.56 % Male samples
 Mean = 16.22 years
Sd = 0.66 years		 European — TRAILS —
PSS001084 Moderate Age-Related Diabetes (MARD) vs. controls —
[
  • 2,853 cases
  • , 2,744 controls
]
 — European Swedish ANDIS —
PSS001085 Moderate Obesity-related Diabetes (MOD) vs. controls —
[
  • 1,372 cases
  • , 2,744 controls
]
 — European Swedish ANDIS —
PSS001086 Severe Autoimmune Diabetes (SAID) vs. controls —
[
  • 450 cases
  • , 2,744 controls
]
 — European Swedish ANDIS —
PSS001087 Severe Insulin-Deficient Diabetes (SIDD) vs. controls —
[
  • 1,186 cases
  • , 2,744 controls
]
 — European Swedish ANDIS —
PSS001088 Severe Insulin-Resistant Diabetes (SIRD) vs. controls —
[
  • 1,125 cases
  • , 2,744 controls
]
 — European Swedish ANDIS —
PSS003585 — — 16,579 individuals — African American or Afro-Caribbean — 10 cohorts
  • ARIC
  • ,BioMe
  • ,CHS
  • ,FamHS
  • ,GENOA
  • ,GeneSTAR
  • ,HANDLS
  • ,JHS
  • ,MESA
  • ,WHI
 —